In 1973, Wassily Leontief was awarded for the Nobel Prize in Economics "for the development of the input-output method and for its application to important economic problems."[1] Since then, the governments device Input-Output Tables and its use forms part of national economic analyses.
The Philippine Statistics Authority publishes the Input-Output Tables every six (6) years. The 2018 Input-Output Tables is the 12th edition since the National Economic Council prepared the first I-O table in 1961. The upcoming 2024 edition will be released following the 2024 Census of Philippine Business and Industry (CPBI) and the 2024 Input-Output Survey of Philippine Business and Industry (IOSPBI).[2]
The charts produced here are all based on the 2018 Input-Output Tables. Correspondingly, the 2018 annual employment data by industy is used from the Labor Force Survey in order to compute for the employment-related measures.
By plotting the ratios to total output, we can examine how the industry’s input is being used, whether is more towards intermediate demand (i.e., as inputs to other industries) or to final demand.
We can also examine if the final demand is geared towards direct consumption, or in capital formation, or being exported abroad, or that the country relied heavily in imports to cater demand (both intermediate and final demand).
Total output is equal to: $$TO = TID + TFD - M$$ Corresponding, the sum of all ratios to total output (each row), with imports treated as negative, is equal to 1.
Ratios to total input show the distribution of inputs utilized to produce the output of the industry.
If intermediate consumption ratio is relatively high, it means that the industry is heavily reliant on the inputs from other industries (which include raw materials, supply, and other services.)
Primary inputs are payments for the factors of production (i.e., compensation to employees, depreciation, operating surplus, and taxes). The ratio of total primary inputs to total inputs is called gross value added ratio (GVAR). The gross operating surplus in the 2018 Input-Output Table captured the net operating surplus and depreciation.
- Nobel Prize Outreach, ‘Wassily Leontief – Facts’, NobelPrize.Org, 1 February 2026, https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1973/leontief/facts/.
- Philippine Statistics Authority, ‘Technical Notes on the 2018 Input-Output Accounts’, 2022, https://psa.gov.ph/statistics/input-output/tech-notes.
Aries Eroles, "Input-Output Analysis: 2018," EconStat, February 10, 2026, /data/special-reports/io-analysis/.
@misc{Eroles2026InputOutpu,
author = {Aries Eroles},
title = {Input-Output Analysis: 2018},
howpublished = {EconStat},
year = {2026},
note = {Accessed: /data/special-reports/io-analysis/}
}